Aims
Lung cancer is the 5th most common cancer in Australia and the leading cause of cancer-related death. This study examines whether prognostic factors and survival rates differ between regional and metropolitan lung cancer patients using a population-based registry cohort.
Methods
Patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) diagnosed between 2011 and 2023 were identified from the Victorian Lung Cancer Registry (VLCR). Residence at diagnosis was categorized using the Modified Monash Model (MMM) into metropolitan, regional, remote, and rural. Demographic and cancer-specific characteristics were compared between regional and metropolitan areas. The association between residence at diagnosis and overall survival was assessed using Cox proportional hazards regression models.
Results
Of 13,154 NSCLC patients, 4,092 (31%) lived in regional and remote areas. Median age was 68-69 years across groups. Regional/remote patients had more current smokers (36% vs 30%, p<0.001) and fewer never smokers (7% vs 15%, p<0.001) compared to metropolitan patients. No significant differences were observed in gender or comorbidities. Metropolitan patients had fewer cases of stage I and II disease (15% vs 19%, p<0.001). All four SEIFA (Socio-Economic indexes for areas) indices (IRSAD, IRSD, IEO, IER) revealed significantly worse socio-economic conditions in regional and rural communities compared to metropolitan areas (e.g., IRSAD: Metro 8.0 vs Regional 5.0 vs Rural/Remote 3.0, p<0.001). Multivariate analysis showed no significant association between residence at diagnosis and overall survival after adjusting for age, gender, stage, performance status, smoking, and comorbidities (Metropolitan vs Regional HR 0.92, 95% CI 0.85-1.01, p=0.075; Metropolitan vs Rural/Remote HR 0.97, 95% CI 0.92-1.02, p=0.245).