The fields of precision and personalized medicine seek to tailor patient treatment via molecular profiling-guided therapy and other approaches. These strategies have led to improvements over standard of care for certain cancers. It is also important to note that patients evolve during the course of treatment. Therefore, evolving treatment alongside the patient may augment our abilities to optimize care in a prolonged manner. To address this challenge, this talk will discuss the role of small data and how it can be longitudinally harnessed to modulate interventions such as combination therapy design and dosing in a dynamic manner. Corresponding opportunities to lower healthcare costs will also be described.